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Principles

HAL’s mission is to share and to archive scientific publications, of all disciplines, emanating from French or foreign research, public or private. Breaking with the enclosure of knowledge, HAL allows the free circulation of knowledge through rapid, transparent and complete dissemination of research results and open access to scientists as well as to the whole of civil society. By guaranteeing long-term access and preservation, HAL is also an open and sustainable instrument of scientific sovereignty.

Core principles

  • an OAI infrastructure ensuring interoperability;
  • a stability of identifiers (URL of deposits in particular);
  • a preservation of documents thanks to a partnership with CINES for archiving;
  • a scientific quality of documents deposited as well as the details describing them;
  • a time stamping of deposits guaranteeing the paternity rights of the text deposited;
  • reference data available through auréHAL for authors, research organisations, journals, scientific fields, and funders (ANR, european projects);
  • a set of services to promote (researcher identifier idHAL, CV, collection, portals), monitor (statistics), consult and use content (SolR search engine, API, Triplestore, TEI, etc.).

FAIR principles

The FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) describe how data should be organised to be more easily accessible, understood, exchangeable and reusable.

The increasing availability of online resources implies that the platforms that host them implement protocols and standards so that, today as tomorrow, humans and machines can exploit them.

Standards and protocols
Findable - Each deposited file is described with rich metadata (bibliographic metadata, author’s affiliation, ANR or European projects metadata)
- Metadata of each deposit are assigned a HAL identifier which is unique and persistent
- Metadata are indexed in a searchable resource
- The access is open and free		 URI, Dublin Core, TEI, RDF, Sparql
Accessible - Metadata are accessible via open standards and protocols
- Metadata are accessible via open APIs (no prior registration), OAI-PMH and in a triplestore
- The contents of the documents are available in open and free access
- Data are stored in a secure environment (IN2P3 Computing Center) and accessible via open protocols
- Documents are sent to the CINES to preserve their long term accessibility and readability		 OAI-PMH, API, RDF Triplestore, OAIS
Interoperable - Use of identifiers: DOI, PMID, SWHid, arxivid (see also Identifiers used in HAL)
- Alignment with idRef, ORCID, ROR, RNSR
- Vocabularies: DC, RDF, FOAF, SKOS, BILBO, Fabio
Reusable - Metadata is distributed under a CC0 license
- A distribution license is added for the publications deposited in HAL
- General terms of use (in progress)

Plan S : Requirements for Open Access Repositories

Plan S is a set of principles that ensure open and immediate access to funded research publications, launched by cOAlition S in 2018. All funders who join cOAlition S commit to aligning their OA policies with Plan S.

Open archives must comply with a set of recommendations and requirements in order to fully guarantee this open access (see Plan S Principles and Implementation).

The following is a self-assessment of HAL against the Plan S requirements for Open Access Repositories.

Mandatory criteria

Plan S criteria

    HAL compliance

The repository must be registered in the Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR)

✅

Use of PIDs for the deposited versions of the publications (with versioning, for example in case of revisions), such as DOI (preferable), URN, or Handle.

✅

  • HAL assigns a unique identifier to each deposit. This identifier is formatted as hal-00000000.
  • The version is identified according to the format hal-00000000v1, hal-00000000v2, vx...
  • The URL of the main file of a deposit is of format https://hal.science/hal-00000000/document.
  • The other existing identifiers (DOI, arxivId, PMID, etc.) of a document are exposed in the deposit.

High-quality article-level metadata in a standard interoperable non-proprietary format, under a CC0 public domain dedication. This must include information on the DOI (or other PIDs) both of the original publication and the deposited version, on the version deposited (AAM/VoR), and on the Open Access status and the license of the deposited version. Metadata must include complete and reliable information on funding provided by cOAlition S funders (including as a minimum the name of the funder and the grant number/identifier).

✅

  • Metadata standard: Dublin Core, TEI, RDF, codemeta, datacite
  • To ensure quality, certain metadata is mandatory when submitting:
  • in order to best describe the publication, the metadata depends on the type of document (e.g. title of the journal for an article). See also the help page ;
  • at least author affiliation required.
  • Metadata includes publisher-assigned DOI (VoR), contributor ORCID, provided identifiers (PMID, arXivid, ROR, etc.)
  • Metadata includes the funder’s name (ANR, Europe) and the reference of the funded project in controlled fields ; data entry is free for all other funders.
  • Metadata is distributed under CC0 license.

Machine-readable information on the Open Access status and the license embedded in the article, in a standard non-proprietary format.

✅

  • The TEI contains the licence.

Continuous availability (uptime at least 99.7%, not taking into account scheduled downtime for maintenance or upgrades).

✅

Helpdesk: as a minimum, an email address (functional mailbox) has to be provided; a response time of no more than one business day must be ensured.

✅

  • HAL support can be contacted at hal.support(at)ccsd.cnrs.fr
  • The helpdesk is manned during CCSD business hours (Mon-Fri 8:30-17:00 CET).

Plan S criteria

HAL compliance

Manuscript submission system that supports both individual author uploads and bulk uploads of manuscripts (AAM or VoR) by publishers.

✅

  • HAL supports user deposits via an interface (submission form, suggestion service)
  • Batch import can be done using the SWORD API

Support for PIDs for authors (e.g., ORCID), funders, funding programmes and grants, institutions, and other relevant entities.

✅

  • HAL supports the following PIDs:
  • ORCID, IdRef, ISNI, idHAL for authors
  • ROR, RSNSR, IdRef, ISNI for affiliations
  • ANR, European projects for funders

Open API to allow others (including machines) to access the content

✅

OpenAIRE compliance of the metadata

✅

  • OpenAIRE compatibility : OpenAIRE 3.0 (OA, funding).

Quality assurance processes to link full-text deposits with authoritative bibliographic metadata from third-party systems, e.g., PubMed, Crossref, or SCOPUS where feasible.

✅

  • The deposit process extracts metadata associated to an identifier through a query to the identifier provider: DOI, PMID